Stage DirectionsThese are terms describing the locations and directions in a theatre building; many come from the descriptions of
stage action in the play text. They are most relevant to a proscenium theatre, but can apply to other theater forms.
downstage (DS)
(noun) the part of the stage nearest the audience
(adverb or adjective) toward or at the front part of the stage, nearest the audience
also downstage left (DSL), downstage right (DSR)
house left (HL)(noun) the left side of the auditorium from the spectator’s viewpoint facing the stage
(adverb or adjective) toward or at the left side of the auditorium from the spectator’s viewpoint facing the stage also front house left, rear house left
house right (HR)(noun) the right side of the auditorium from the spectator’s viewpoint facing the stage
(adverb or adjective) toward or at the right side of the auditorium from the spectator’s viewpoint facing the stage also front house right, rear house right
in
(adverb) toward the stage floor, referring to vertical movement of scenery, etc.
opposite prompt, off prompt (OP)(noun, adverb, or adjective) primarily British usage, has the same meaning as stage right
also opposite prompt side, off prompt side (OPS) offstage
(adverb or adjective) away from the stage center; toward or at the part of the stage that is out of view of the audience
also offstage left, offstage rightonstage (adverb or adjective) toward the stage center; toward or in the part of the stage that is in view of the audience out (adverb) away from the stage floor and toward the gridiron, referring to vertical movement of scenery, etc.
prompt, prompt side (PS) (noun, adverb, or adjective) primarily British usage, has the same meaning as stage left stage right (SR)
(noun) the right side of the stage from the actor’s viewpoint facing the audience
(adverb or adjective) toward or at the right side of the stage from the actor’s viewpoint facing the audience
upstage (US)(noun) the part of the stage farthest from the audience
(adverb or adjective) toward or at the rear part of the stage, farthest from the audience
also upstage left (USL), upstage right (USR)
Stage directions can provide lots of useful information for actors,
directors and the backstage crew –
and also for people who are reading a script instead of watching a
performance.
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In the script for a play, the most basic information
is the dialogue (the words that the
characters say). Without dialogue, it’s not a script!
However, dialogue is not the only thing we can find in
a script – usually, we also find stage
directions.
Look at the short script
below. You will see that there are three different kinds of text:
·
Characters’ names are written in bold.
·
Stage directions are written in italics – and in (parentheses) when they appear next to
dialogue.
·
Dialogue is written in plain text.
The most basic stage directions give us information about:
·
where and when the action takes place (also
known as the setting)
·
what the
setting looks like
Look
at the stage directions in the short script above. What is the setting of the
play?
Example:
Early morning, in a
classroom. There is a broken computer on the floor next to the teacher’s
desk. David enters and sees Cathy. He seems shocked.
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David:
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(Shouting)
What are you doing?
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Cathy:
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(Nervous) Nothing.
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Learning Activity 1
Speaking and Writing
Work with a partner. How many kinds of “where”, “when”
and “what” information can you think of? List your ideas in the table below.
Some examples have been provided for you.
WHERE
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WHEN
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WHAT
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- country (e.g. Australia)
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- historical period (e.g. World War II)
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- furniture (e.g. There are three wooden chairs and a small table)
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As well as this information about the setting, writers
often give us information about the characters. For example:
·
what they look
like
·
how old they are
·
what they are
wearing
·
their jobs
·
their
relationships with other characters
·
their
personalities
·
how they feel
·
how they speak
·
how they move
Look at the stage directions in the short script on
the previous page. What kinds of information do they give us about David and
Cathy? What do you think their relationship is?
Learning Activity 2
Reading
Now look at the following script.
Focus on the stage directions.
Fill in the table with examples of stage directions. Decide what kind of information
(e.g. setting,
time,
appearance and physical details of characters, characters’ emotions, thoughts
and manners, actions and movements) is included in each
example. Compare your answers with those
of a classmate.
A park in Hong Kong. It is early morning on a summer day. The sun
has just come up. We can hear birds in the background, and distant sounds of
traffic. There is a rubbish bin next to a bench.
Simon enters. He is about 15 years old, and
is tall and thin. He is wearing stylish clothes, but they are too big for
him. He seems sad. He sits on the bench and looks down at the ground with his
legs stretched out.
After a few
moments, Fiona enters. She is also
about 15, but seems much older than Simon. She is listening to an iPod and is
jogging. She does not notice Simon, and so almost trips over his legs.
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Simon:
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(Looking up angrily) Hey!
Watch where you’re going!
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Fiona:
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(Trying not to
laugh) Sorry. I didn’t see you. (She
finds his big clothing funny.)
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Simon:
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(Even louder)
What’s so funny?
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Fiona:
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Nothing. (Pause)
Are you OK?
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Simon:
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Fine.
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Fiona:
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(Gently)
Are you sure? (She sits down next to
him.)
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Type of information
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Examples of stage directions
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Setting
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Time
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Appearance/physical
details of characters
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Emotions, thoughts and
manners
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Actions and movements
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Learning Activity 3
Writing
Work with one or two partners. Read
the following dialogue, and then re-write it on a separate piece of paper,
adding stage directions to describe the setting and the characters in as much
detail as possible.
Garry:
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I didn’t expect to see
you here.
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Becky:
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Why not?
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Garry:
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Are you serious?
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Becky:
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Of course.
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Garry:
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Anyway, you haven’t
explained why you’re here.
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Becky:
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You’re right. I
haven’t.
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Garry:
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Are you going to?
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Becky:
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I’m thinking about it.
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Garry:
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I see.
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Becky:
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I’m not sure you do.
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Compare your final version with other pairs’/groups’.